Effective IPC requires constant action at all levels of the health system, including policymakers, facility managers, health workers and those who access health services. IPC is unique in the field of patient safety and quality of care, as it is universally relevant to every health worker and patient, at every health care interaction. Defective IPC causes harm and can kill. Without effective IPC, it is impossible to achieve quality health care delivery. Long term focus on IPC, with generation of data for decision making, contributes to better quality service delivery and patient outcomes.